Project Constraints

PROJECT CONSTRAINTS limit the project manager's options. They affect the project: scope staffing scheduling When there are gaps in the scope statement, it is the sponsor and customer who created the scope statement that should address them. Tasks should not be added without the sponsors' and customers' approval, since they were involved in creating the scope statement. Ignoring stakeholders' concerns only compounds problems. The project manager must address issues, rather than expect management to begin costly and extensive lawsuits that delay the project. Discussing the issue is preferable to ignoring it and having it go unresolved. As organizations become more complex and add more jobs, their culture becomes more bureaucratic and formal. New structure elements and interrelationships are created. PMP Exam preparation and Project Management PMP Training will include these concepts. FORMALIZATION addresses written rules and procedures deemed necessary to maintain organization control and coordination. DECENTRALIZED DECISION-MAKING is that which is delegated down to subordinates. Centralized decision-making is that which comes from top-management. EGOISM is the consequentialist theory that an action is right when it promotes the individual's best interests. Views are based on the fact that humans are by nature selfish. UTILITARIANISM states that the morally right action is the one that provides the greatest happiness for everyone affected (company, employees, customers). Ethical Terms & Dilemmas KANT'S ETHICS stresses action based on a sense of moral duty. TROUBLESHOOTING is usually part of a project's requirements. The project manager should not release a product to the buyer, who will in turn release it to the public, that has not been fully tested and complete. The theory of ENTITLEMENT states that the distribution of goods, money, and property is just, if people are entitled to what they have and have acquired it without violating the rights of others. The LIBERTARIAN THEORY identifies justice with liberty, or freedom. In this instance, the company feels employees should live and conduct their personal lives according to their own choices, free from the interference of others. Libertarians reject the concern for total social well-being. DISTRIBUTIVE OR ECONOMIC JUSTICE assesses society's distribution of social benefits and burdens according to wealth, status, income, and power. Influential (wealthy) citizens can impact projects without minorities and others being aware of how the decision may impact them. Ethical Terms & Dilemmas BIAS, STEREOTYPING, OR GENERALIZING people and their actions adds to a person's filters, which prevents them from hearing the full message. One-way communication channels, which place the responsibility for the message entirely on the listener, may also contribute to narrow-minded views.